卫道士

自从NORNOR两岁两个月的时候在厦门动物园看猴子的时候提出质疑:
"What happened, mama, 他们把猴子关在了笼子里?"
我开始注意到这个小孩子关于伦理道德问题的困惑与挣扎.
撇开Kohlberg's stages of moral development不说,
单是日常生活中, NORNOR和我就表现出很大的不同.
我的简单总结是: 这世界上有两种人
一种是: I will do things that I was told I am allowed to do.
一种是: I will do things unless I am told I am not allowed to do.
我是后一种, 而NORNOR现在明显是第一种.
最简单的例子: 穿越草坪.
我们两个在Boston Common时
我会踩着草坪过去的,
而NORNOR绝对会很生气地把我拉出来,
坚持只在铺着沥青或砖头的"路上"走.
他的理由是:"他们没说可以在草坪上走."
我的理由是:"也没说不让走呀. 如果说了, 我肯定会出来的."
在被允许和不被允许之间, 经常是很大的grey area up to interpretation.
这时候, NORNOR经常很困惑, 很frustrated.
但是, 一旦他重新调整了自己的认识,
将会很坚决捍卫他新的道德标准.
比如说, 自从他看了非洲小朋友没有水喝的照片后,
就很自觉不浪费水: Don't let the water run.
世间的事情很少黑白分明.
有时侯NORNOR也会让我面对一些dilemma,
比如说, 当他在上海地铁上大声疾呼"为什么他们不给我们让座?"
还有, 当他在大街上追着闯红灯的汽车边跑边喊:"嗨, 嗨, 警察来抓你!!"
但有两点我希望能告诉NORNOR:
(1) 己所不欲, 勿施与人.
(2) 我们每个人都有责任也有机会共同塑造社会道德.


P.S. Kohlberg's stages of moral development

Level 1 (Pre-Conventional)
1. Obedience and punishment orientation
2. Self-interest orientation
Level 2 (Conventional)
3. Interpersonal accord and conformity
(a.k.a. The good boy/good girl attitude)
4. Authority and social-order maintaining orientation
(a.k.a. Law and order morality)
Level 3 (Post-Conventional)
5. Social contract orientation
6. Universal ethical principles
(a.k.a. Principled conscience)

The classic dilemma:
A woman was near death from a special kind of cancer. There was one drug that the doctors thought might save her. It was a form of radium that a druggist in the same town had recently discovered. The drug was expensive to make, but the druggist was charging ten times what the drug cost him to produce. He paid $200 for the radium and charged $2,000 for a small dose of the drug. The sick woman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the money, but he could only get together about $ 1,000 which is half of what it cost. He told the druggist that his wife was dying and asked him to sell it cheaper or let him pay later. But the druggist said: "No, I discovered the drug and I'm going to make money from it." So Heinz got desperate and broke into the man's store to steal the drug-for his wife.Should Heinz break into the laboratory to steal the drug for his wife? Why or why not?